Read the following text about deep dish pizza in Chicago and, for statements 1-12 below, decide whether they are True (T) or False (F). The first question (0) is an example. 

Chicago’s deep-dish pizza

Pizza in the United States is deeply embedded into the nation’s culinary consciousness, but Chicago’s version took the concept in a much more indulgent direction. Today, deep-dish pizza is as central to the Windy City as Wrigley Field.

To appreciate the story of deep-dish, you must first look back to the 16th century, when modern-day pizza began to take shape in the Italian city of Naples. The flourishing port was home to many working class residents who lived in dense neighbourhoods around the Bay of Naples. Small rooms and cramped quarters meant most of their living was done outdoors, and people looked for food that was inexpensive and quick to eat. Baked in a hot oven and sold street-side, paper-thin pizza became the quintessential fare for the Neapolitan poor.

Over the next decades, pizza grew in popularity, moving beyond Naples and spreading across both the country and social strata. In 1889, Neapolitan pizza maker Raffaele Espisito created the infamous Pizza Margherita – a simple blend of tomatoes, mozzarella and basil – to honour the Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy, birthing one of the most classic pizzas to date.

Throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s, Neapolitan immigrants arrived in the US, like many Europeans of that time, in search of factory jobs. Before long, Chicago was home to a flourishing community of first and second-generation descendants, hungry for the thin pizzas that represented their culture and culinary roots. Eventually two entrepreneurs, Ike Sewell and Ric Riccardo, decided to create something different: an Italian-American version of pizza. In 1943, the pair opened Pizzeria Uno in the Chicago’s Near North Side neighbourhood, serving a new style pizza with a deeper dish, crunchier crust and inverted layers – a far cry from the classic Neapolitan version.

Today, Pizzeria Uno is a big brand with a changed name, Uno Chicago Grill, as well as more than 200 cookie-cutter chain restaurants from Massachusetts to New Jersey, South Korea to Pakistan. But there is something special about stepping into the original location in downtown Chicago, still named Pizzeria Uno. Large groups of tourists circle the building, waiting for their turn to enter the packed restaurant.

Deep-dish pizza is delivered dense and hot. With a heavy spatula, pre-cut slices of weighty pizza are dished out. Intense layers of cheese and tomato sauce fill the pie-like crust, inches high, to the browned edges. This is undeniably a knife-and-fork affair. A few bites satiate, and though it is tasty, it is not Chicago’s best. But people come here mostly for the tradition, not the world’s finest slice. Seventy years after it opened its doors, Pizzeria Uno still stands as the original home of the deep-dish and there is no disagreement that this pizza was first served at here.

A particularly muddled detail involves one of Chicago’s most famous pizza families, the Malnatis. Adolpho “Rudy” Malnati, Sr – a one-time employee at Pizzeria Uno – claimed that it was his spark of genius that created the recipe. He and Riccardo, according to the Malnati family, would hand out slices of Pizzeria Uno’s deep-dish on Chicago street corners in the hopes that passersby would give it a taste. Sewell, the Malnatis say, came later. Records of either Sewell or Riccardo making pizza, or even showing any ability in the kitchen are noticeably absent, fuelling the claims.

According to the Malanti storyline, after Riccardo’s death, Rudy and his son, Lou, co-managed Pizzeria Uno until Rudy Malnati, Sr also passed away. Lou didn’t find his place in the restaurant after being told he was an employee, just like everyone else. Frustrated, he opened his own restaurant in 1971: Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria.

The story does not end here, however. Lou Malnati had a half-brother, Rudy Jr, who opened his own joint, Pizano’s, in 1991 in downtown Chicago. A waiter at Pizano’s divulged that Rudy and Lou’s mother, Donna Marie, gave Rudy Jr the original recipe developed by Rudy Sr himself. So, while Lou went off to Lincolnwood, Donna Marie spent her nights in the kitchen rolling out dough from the secret recipe at Pizano’s. Who is using the original recipe today remains a point of debate.

Anyway, if you want to tour for more in Chicago, there is also Gino’s East and many other restaurants that offer deep-dish pizzas. To taste them all, book a tour with Chicago Pizza Tours and take a seat on their bus, aptly named “Dough Force One”. The bus traverses the city, guiding visitors on a tour of local spots, inside kitchens and through Chicago’s pizza history.

EXAMPLE: 0. Deep-dish pizza is very famous in Chicago.  = TRUE

CLIMBING TRIP

by Samantha Davis

My dad and I have both done a bit of climbing at our local sports centre. So we decided to go on a trip together, climbing the high rocks along the coastline of a small island. Although it wasn’t far from where we live, the journey across the sea took quite a long time – but it was worth it!

As we approached the island, Dad pointed out the rocks covered in colourful plants, wild goats and bees, which were once the only signs of life on this now popular place for visitors. The island has become well-known as a climbing venue and the ferry we took across to the island was full of climbers carrying boots and backpacks. We arrived at the island’s harbour, full of brightly-coloured houses lit by the early-morning sun. We were met by a driver in an ancient old car, arranged by the travel company we’d booked with. The driver took us to the tiny apartment, which, like the car, had seen better days, but it was comfortable and we weren’t going to spend much time there anyway.

There are lots of possible climbs up the island’s rocks, and not all of them have been discovered by climbers, but many have places clearly marked out so climbers can easily see where to put their hands and feet. All we needed were shoes, ropes and the equipment for attaching the rope to the rocks, although despite the markings on the rocks, I still had problems!

Anyway, climbing is obviously not without risk, and things can still go wrong, but you’re far less likely to get into difficulties on the island. There was a wide range of climbers, both in ability and age, so there was no need for my previous worries about being the only teenager. Away from the rocks and back in the town, there was a very sociable atmosphere in the cafes, where we compared notes on what we’d achieved that day. One day, our climbing destination was a rough cliff, with very little to put my hands and feet on. It was amazing how quickly I learnt to attach my rope onto the rock to avoid falling as I climbed! Then I realised the boy climbing next to me was someone I knew. We waved, smiled and moved on, although he seemed to find the rock far less of a challenge! Once Dad and I were down at ground level again, we stopped at a beach, which was deserted. We walked along with our feet in the water and promised ourselves that it wouldn’t be the last time that we sat on that stretch of beach.

Read the following text about spoiled children and, for statements 1-12 below, decide whether they are True (T) or False (F). The first question (0) is an example.

How Spoiled Are Our Children? No Simple Answer By Perri Klass, M.D.

A mother asked me last week whether I thought she was spoiling her child. In the weary, self-doubting voice of the recently postpartum, she wondered if it was right to pick up and feed her crying baby.

These days, a lot of parents are wondering about the spoiling question. A re- cent book review by Elizabeth Kolbert in The New Yorker compared American children unfavorably with the self-reliant and competent children of a tribe in the Peruvian Amazon; she discussed “the notion that we may be raising a generation of kids who can’t, or at least won’t, tie their own shoes.”

A parenting column in The New York Times acknowledged that Ms. Kolbert’s observations had struck home with many contemporary parents; more recently, an opinion piece advised parents to stop protecting their children from every disappointment.

We’re clearly having another of those moments — and they do recur, across the generations — when parents worry that they’re not doing their job and that the next generation is consequently in grave danger.

In the pediatric office today, parents often bring up spoiling, as that mother did last week, in reference to young babies, sleep and feeding. It’s as if the questions about how to respond to a child’s demands crystallize in those early months when the new baby cries and the parents worry. The official pediatric line — I said some version of this to that mother last week — is that you can’t spoil babies by taking good care of them. But even that doesn’t turn out to be simple.

“It’s important to be there and to be responsive and responsible, but it also doesn’t mean that you have to be totally at the whim of the baby,” said Dr. Pamela High, a professor of pediatrics at Brown University. “You’re teaching them patterns and routine and regularity.”

Parents can meet a baby’s needs while still allowing it a chance to learn to settle down and sleep without being held. In a study on babies with colic published this year by Dr. High’s group, when parents got help with issues of feeding, sleep, routine and their own mental health, those colicky babies cried less and slept more.

As children get older, setting limits and establishing family routines and expectations gets more complicated. But it’s still a question of balancing immediate gratification and larger life lessons. It’s also an area where we feel comfortable and righteous blaming and judging other parents — and ourselves. Problematic childhood behaviors once attributed to incompetent or destructive parenting are now understood to be hard-wired, set by genetics, reflecting neurological differences. We don’t blame bad parenting for autism now, but “spoiled” evokes traits and behaviors for which we’re often quick to hold parents responsible.

Dr. Mark Bertin, a developmental behavioral pediatrician in Pleasantville, N.Y., sees a wide range of children with behavioral problems, tearing apart contributions of neurological wiring, temperament and family style. Though parenting style is hard to study, he points to a body of research that cumulatively suggests that children benefit from strategies that build self-control and emotional resilience. “We’re talking about kids who aren’t brought up with limits,” he said. “We all want our kids to be happy, but there are some skills you learn from growing up with limits and the opportunity to experience frustration.”

The saying-no and limit-setting challenges for parents of young children often revolve around food, sleep and media. According to Dr. High, “by setting limits, we’re teaching them what our values are and the way we think they can lead a happier, productive life”. With older children, you get into the issue of stuff. “When I think of spoiling, you’re talking about attention and you’re talking about things. I don’t think you can spoil with too much attention to what your kids are doing and thinking and suffering from, but you have to be careful about things.”

You don’t have to be rich to overindulge a child with stuff. And offering things that substitute for parental attention is particularly problematic. Is the child with a huge television in the bedroom overindulged — or neglected?

EXAMPLE:

The anxious mother who asked the pediatrician had given birth very recently.  = TRUE

Listen to the following recording from the American multinational corporation Apple. Decide whether the statements are true (A) or false (B), according to what is said in the recording. You will hear/watch the recording TWICE.

Example: Apple is about always doing the best thing possible –> It’s TRUE = A

You will hear a boy, Ian, and a girl, Sally, talking about cooking. Decide if each sentence is correct (A. YES) or incorrect (B. NO).

You will hear a boy, Mark, and a girl, Anna, talking about winter sports. Decide if each sentence is correct (A. YES) or incorrect (B. NO).

You will hear a conversation between a woman, Liz, and a man, Michael, about a holiday. Decide if each sentence is correct (A. YES) or incorrect (B. NO).

Look at the six sentences for this part.
You will hear a boy called Jim and his sister Liz talking about housework.
Decide if each sentence is correct (A. YES) or incorrect (B. NO).

Look at the six sentences for this part.

You will hear a conversation between a boy, Sam, and a girl, Carla, about a school concert. Decide if each sentence is correct (A. YES) or incorrect (B. NO).

Look at the six sentences for this part.

You will hear two neighbours, a woman, Natasha, and a man, Colin, about running. Decide if each sentence is correct (A. YES) or incorrect (B. NO).